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Sega Games Co., Ltd.

Company logo since 1982
Sega's headquarters complex in Ōta, Tokyo
Native name	株式会社セガゲームス
Romanized name	Kabushiki gaisha sega gēmusu
Type	Kabushiki gaisha
Industry	Video games
Founded	June 3, 1960; 58 years ago (June 3, 1960) (as Nihon Goraku Bussan)
Founders	Martin Bromley Irving Bromberg Richard Stewart
Headquarters	Tokyo[1]
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Haruki Satomi (Chairman and CEO) Hideki Okamura (President and COO) Ian Curran (COO, Sega of America) Chris Bergstresser (COO, Sega Europe)
Products	Arcade games Arcade systems Video game consoles Mobile games
Owner	Sega Sammy Holdings
Number of employees	≈4,865 (FY 2014)[2][3]
Parent	Sega Holdings
Divisions	Sega development studios (Sonic Team)
Subsidiaries	Amplitude Studios Atlus Creative Assembly Demiurge Studios Marza Animation Planet Relic Entertainment Sports Interactive TMS Entertainment
Website	sega.com

Sega Games Co., Ltd., styled as SEGA^[a], is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with offices around the world. Sega developed and manufactured numerous home video game consoles from 1983 to 2001, but after financial losses incurred from its Dreamcast console, the company restructured to focus on providing software as a third-party developer. Sega remains the world's most prolific arcade producer, with over 500 games in over 70 franchises on more than 20 different arcade system boards since 1981.^[4] Sega is also known for publishing several multi-million selling game franchises, notably Sonic the Hedgehog, Total War, and Yakuza.

Sega Games is a subsidiary of Sega Holdings, which itself is part of Sega Sammy Holdings, which is invested in industries outside of video games. Sega's North American division, Sega of America, is headquartered in Irvine, California, having moved from San Francisco in 2015. Sega's European division, Sega Europe, is headquartered in London.

History

Company origins (1940–70s)

SEGA Diamond 3 Star

In 1940, American businessmen Martin Bromley, Irving Bromberg, and James Humpert formed a company called Standard Games in Honolulu, Hawaii, to provide coin-operated amusement machines to military bases. They saw that the onset of World War II, and the consequent increase in the number of military personnel, would mean there would be demand for something for those stationed at military bases to do in their leisure time. After the war, the founders sold that company and established a new distributor called Service Games, named for the military focus. In 1951, the government of the United States outlawed slot machines in US territories, so Bromley sent two of his employees, Richard Stewart and Ray LeMaire, to Tokyo, Japan, in 1952 to establish a new distributor. The company provided coin-operated slot machines to U.S. bases in Japan and changed its name again to Service Games of Japan by 1953.^[5][6][7][8]

David Rosen, an American officer in the United States Air Force stationed in Japan, launched a two-minute photo booth business in Tokyo in 1954.^[5] This company eventually became Rosen Enterprises, and in 1957, began importing coin-operated games to Japan. On May 31, 1960, Service Games Japan was closed. A few days later, on June 3, two new companies were established to take over its business activities, Nihon Goraku Bussan and Nihon Kikai Seizo.^[9] By 1965, Rosen Enterprises grew to a chain of over 200 arcades. Rosen then orchestrated a merger between Rosen Enterprises and Nihon Goraku Bussan, becoming chief executive of the new company, Sega Enterprises, which derived its name from Service Games.^[10]

Within a year, Sega began the transition from importer to manufacturer, with the release of the submarine simulator game, Periscope. The game sported light and sound effects considered innovative for that time, eventually becoming quite successful in Japan. It was soon exported to both Europe and the United States, becoming the first arcade game in the US to cost 25 cents per play.^[10]

In 1969, Rosen sold Sega to American conglomerate Gulf and Western Industries, although he remained as CEO following the sale. Under Rosen's leadership, Sega continued to grow and prosper, and in 1974, Gulf and Western made Sega Enterprises, ltd. a subsidiary of an American company renamed Sega Enterprises, Inc., allowing them to take the company's stock public.

Golden age of arcade games (1978–83)

Sega prospered heavily from the arcade gaming boom of the late 1970s, with revenues climbing to over US$100 million by 1979.^[10] In 1982, Sega's revenues surpassed $214 million. That year they introduced the first game with isometric graphics, Zaxxon,^[11] the industry's first stereoscopic 3D game, SubRoc 3D, and the first laserdisc video game, Astron Belt. Astron Belt wasn't released in the U.S. until 1983, after Dragon's Lair.

Other notable games from Sega during this period are Head On (1979), Monaco GP (1979), Carnival (1980), Turbo (1981), Space Fury (1981), Astro Blaster (1981), and Pengo (1982).

Entry into the home console market (1982–89)

In 1983-4, Sega published Atari 2600 versions of some of its arcade games and also Tapper from Bally/Midway.^[12]Carnival, Space Fury, Turbo, and Zaxxon were licensed to Coleco as launch games for the ColecoVision console in 1982. Some of these and other games were licensed to different companies for 8-bit computer versions. The Atari 8-bit computer port of Zaxxon is from Datasoft, for example, while the Commodore 64 port is from Synapse.^[11]

An overabundance of games in 1983 led to the video game crash, causing Sega's revenues to drop to $136 million. Seeking an alternate source of revenue from the slumping arcade market,^[13] Sega designed and released its first home video game console, the SG-1000 for the third generation of home consoles. G&W sold the U.S. assets of Sega Enterprises that same year to pinball manufacturer Bally Manufacturing, and in January 1984, Rosen resigned his post with the company.^[10] The SG-1000 had an unexpectedly successful launch year but was quickly pushed into obscurity by Nintendo's NES which, though it launched the same day as the SG-1000, had more advanced hardware and greater third party support.^[13]

The Japanese assets of Sega were purchased for $38 million by a group of investors led by Rosen, Robert Deith, and Hayao Nakayama, a Japanese businessman who owned Esco Boueki (Esco Trading) an arcade game distribution company that had been acquired by Rosen in 1979.^[10][14] Nakayama became the new CEO of Sega, Robert Deith chairman of the board, and Rosen became head of its subsidiary in the United States. In 1984, the multibillion-dollar Japanese conglomerate CSK bought Sega, renamed it Sega Enterprises, headquartered it in Japan, and two years later, shares of its stock were being traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. David Rosen's friend, Isao Okawa, the chairman of CSK, became chairman of Sega.^[10]

The Master System, released in North America in 1986 and Europe in 1987

Sega also released the Master System and the first game featuring Alex Kidd, who would be Sega's unofficial mascot until he was replaced by Sonic the Hedgehog in 1991. While the Master System was technically superior to the NES,^[15] it failed to capture market share in North America and Japan due to highly aggressive strategies by Nintendo and ineffective marketing by Tonka, who marketed the console on behalf of SEGA in the United States.^[16] However, the Master System was highly successful in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil with games still being sold well into the 1990s alongside the Mega Drive and Nintendo's NES and SNES.

In the mid-1980s, Sega released Hang-On and After Burner, arcade games that make use of hydraulic cabinet functionality and force feedback control. Sega also released the 360-degree rotating machine R-360. For arcade system boards, Sega released the System series and the Super Scaler series. UFO Catcher was introduced in 1985 and is Japan's most commonly installed claw crane game.^[17] Sega was also one of the first to introduce medal games with World Bingo and World Derby in the 1980s, a sub-industry within Japanese arcades up to its current day.^{[citation needed]}

Expansion and mainstream success (1989–2001)

Sonic the Hedgehog has been Sega's mascot since the character's introduction in 1991

The Sega World Sydney building in 1998

With the introduction of the Sega Genesis in North America in 1989, Sega of America launched an anti-Nintendo campaign to carry the momentum to the new generation of games, with its slogan "Genesis does what Nintendon't." This was initially implemented by Sega of America President Michael Katz.^[18] When Nintendo launched its Super Nintendo Entertainment System in North America in August 1991, Sega changed its slogan to "Welcome to the next level."

The same year, Sega of America's leadership passed from Katz to Tom Kalinske, who further escalated the "console war" that was developing.^[19] As a preemptive strike against the release of the SNES, Sega re-branded itself with a new game and mascot, Sonic the Hedgehog. This shift led to a wider success for the Genesis and would eventually propel Sega to 65% of the market in North America for a brief time. Simultaneously, after much delay, Sega released the Sega CD in Japan in 1991 and in North America in 1992 as a hardware add-on to the Genesis, greatly reducing space limitations on their games. Sonic the Hedgehog 2 was also released in 1992 for the Genesis, and became the most successful game Sega ever produced, selling over six million copies in total.^[20] During this period, local North American development also increased with the establishments of Sega Technical Institute in 1990, Sega Midwest Studio in 1992, Sega Multimedia Studio in 1993, and the acquisition of Interactive Designs in 1992.

In 1990, Sega launched the Game Gear to compete against Nintendo's Game Boy. However, due to issues with its short battery life, lack of original games, and weak support from Sega, the Game Gear was unable to surpass the Game Boy, selling approximately 11 million units.^[21] The Game Gear was succeeded by the Sega Nomad in 1995, and discontinued in 1997.

In 1992, Sega introduced the Model series of arcade hardware, which saw the release of Virtua Fighter and Virtua Racing, which laid the foundation for 3D racing and fighting games.^[22] In 1994, Sega released the Sega 32X in an attempt to upgrade the Genesis to the standards of more advanced systems at the time. It sold well initially, but had problems with lack of software and hype about the upcoming Sega Saturn and Sony's PlayStation.^[23] Within a year, it was in the bargain bins of many stores.^[24]

On November 22, 1994, Sega launched the Sega Saturn in Japan. It utilized two 32-bit processors. However, poor sales in the West led to the console being abandoned by 1998.^[25] The lack of strong games based on established Genesis franchises, along with its high price in comparison to the Sony PlayStation, were among the reasons for the console's failure.^[26] Notable games in Japan include Sakura Wars, Panzer Dragoon, and arcade ports such as The House of the Dead, Virtua Fighter 2 and Sega Rally Championship. Sega made forays in the PC market with the 1995 establishment of SegaSoft, which was tasked with creating original Saturn and PC games.^[27][28]

The mid-1990s also saw Sega making efforts to expand beyond its image as a strictly kids-oriented, family entertainment company, by publishing a number of games with extreme violence and sexual themes, and introducing the "Deep Water" label to mark games with mature content.^[29]

In December 1994, Sega Channel, a subscription gaming service delivered by local cable companies affiliated with Time Warner Cable, was launched in the United States, through which subscribers received a special cartridge adapter that connected to the cable connection. At its peak, the Sega Channel had approximately 250,000 subscribers. Various technical issues began disrupting the service in late 1997, eventually leading to the Sega Channel being discontinued worldwide in 1998.^[30]

In 1996, Sega operated a number of in-door theme parks not only in Japan with Joypolis, but also overseas, with Sega World branded arcades in the UK and Australia.^[31][32]

In March 1998, Sega obtained the rights to the Puyo Puyo series and its characters from Compile. While Compile continued to develop and publish Puyo Puyo games, even on platforms that Sega was competing against. These games include Sega in their copyright information.^[33][34][35]

On November 27, 1998, Sega launched the Dreamcast in Japan.^{[citation needed]} The console was competitively priced, partly due to the use of off-the-shelf components, but it also featured technology that allowed for more technically impressive games than its direct competitors, the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation.^{[citation needed]} An analog 56k modem was also included, allowing for online multiplayer. It featured games such as the action-puzzle game ChuChu Rocket!, Phantasy Star Online, the first console-based massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), Quake III Arena and Alien Front Online, the first console game with online voice chat. The Dreamcast's launch in Japan was a failure; launching with a small library of software and in the shadow of the upcoming PlayStation 2, the system would gain little ground, despite several successful games in the region.^{[citation needed]}

After closures of all their former American developers in 1995, and the closure of the PC SegaSoft division, Sega invested in the American Visual Concepts and the French No Cliché, although the latter was closed in 2001. The Dreamcast's western launch in 1999 was accompanied by a large amount of both first-party and third-party software and an aggressive marketing campaign. In contrast to the Japanese launch, the Western launch earned the distinction of the "most successful hardware launch in history," selling a then-unprecedented 500,000 consoles in its first week in North America.^[25] Sega was able to hold onto this momentum in the US almost until the launch of Sony's PlayStation 2.^{[citation needed]} The Dreamcast is home to several innovative and critically acclaimed games, including one of the first cel-shaded games, Jet Set Radio (Jet Grind Radio in North America); Seaman, a game involving communication with a fish-type creature via microphone; Samba de Amigo, a rhythm game involving the use of maracas, and Shenmue, a large-scope adventure game with freeform gameplay and a detailed in-game city. Sega also produced the NAOMI series, which were the last arcade boards built uniquely rather than being based on existing consoles and PC architecture.

In late 1999, Sega Enterprises chairman Isao Okawa spoke at an Okawa Foundation meeting, saying that Sega's focus in the future would shift from hardware to software, but adding that they were still fully behind the Dreamcast. On November 1, 2000, Sega changed its company name from Sega Enterprises to Sega Corporation.^[36]

Shift to third-party software development (2001–05)

Sega's financial trouble in the 1998–2002 period^{[37][38][39][40]}

On January 23, 2001, a story ran in Nihon Keizai Shimbun claiming that Sega would cease production of the Dreamcast and develop software for other platforms.^[41] After initial denial, Sega Japan put out a press release confirming they were considering producing software for the PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance as part of their "new management policy".^[42] On January 31, 2001, Sega of America announced they would become a third-party software publisher.^[43] The company now oversees games that launch on game consoles produced by other companies, including many of their former rivals; the first was a port of ChuChu Rocket! to Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.^[44] On March 31, 2001, the Dreamcast was discontinued.

By March 31, 2002, Sega had five consecutive fiscal years of net losses.^[45] To help with Sega's debt, CSK founder Isao Okawa, before his death in 2001, gave the company a $692 million private donation,^[46] and talked to Microsoft about a sale or merger with their Xbox division, but those talks failed.^[47] Discussions also took place with Namco, Bandai, Electronic Arts and again with Microsoft.^{[citation needed]} In August 2003, Sammy, one of the biggest pachinko and pachislot manufacturing companies, bought the outstanding 22% of shares that CSK had,^[48] and Sammy chairman Hajime Satomi became CEO of Sega. In the same year, Hajime Satomi stated that Sega's activity will focus on their profitable arcade business as opposed to their loss-incurring home software development sector.^[49] After the decline of the global arcade industry around the 21st century, Sega introduced several novel concepts tailored to the Japanese market. Derby Owners Club was the first large-scale satellite arcade machine with IC cards for data storage. Trading card game machines were introduced, with games such as World Club Champion Football for general audiences and Mushiking: King of the Beetles for young children. Sega also introduced internet functionality in arcades with Virtua Fighter 4 in 2001, and further enhanced it with ALL.Net, introduced in 2004.^[50]

During mid-2004, Sammy bought a controlling share in Sega Corporation at a cost of $1.1 billion, creating the new company Sega Sammy Holdings, an entertainment conglomerate. Since then, Sega and Sammy became subsidiaries of the aforementioned holding company, with both companies operating independently, while the executive departments merged.

Continued expansion and acquisitions (2005–13)

In 2005, Sega sold its major western studio Visual Concepts to Take-Two Interactive,^[51] and purchased UK-based developer Creative Assembly, known for its Total War series.^[52] In the same year, the Sega Racing Studio was also formed by former Codemasters employees.^[53] In 2006, Sega Europe purchased Sports Interactive, known for its Football Manager series.^[54] Sega of America purchased Secret Level in 2006, which was renamed to Sega Studio San Francisco in 2008. In early 2008, Sega announced that they would re-establish an Australian presence, as a subsidiary of Sega of Europe, with a development studio branded as Sega Studio Australia. In the same year, Sega launched a subscription based flash website called "PlaySEGA" which played emulated versions of Sega Genesis as well original web-based flash games.^[55] It was subsequently shut down due to low subscription numbers.^[56] In 2013, following THQ's bankruptcy, Sega bought Relic Entertainment, known for its Company of Heroes series.^[57] Sega has also collaborated with many western studios such as Bizarre Creations, Backbone Entertainment, Monolith, Sumo Digital, Kuju Entertainment, Obsidian Entertainment and Gearbox Software. In 2008, Sega announced the closure of Sega Racing Studio, although the studio was later acquired by Codemasters.^[53] Closures of Sega Studio San Francisco and Sega Studio Australia followed in 2010 and 2012, respectively.

The Sonic the Hedgehog series continued to be internationally recognized, having sold 150 million in total,^[2] although the critical reception of games in the series has been mixed.^[58] In 2007, Sega and Nintendo teamed up using Sega's acquired Olympic Games license, to create the Mario and Sonic at the Olympic Games series, which has sold over 20 million in total. In the console and handheld business, Sega found success in Japan with the Yakuza and Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA series of games, amongst others primarily aimed at the Japanese market. In Japan, Sega distributes games from smaller Japanese game developers and localizations of western games.^[59][60] In 2013, Index Corporation was purchased by Sega Sammy after going bankrupt.^[61] After the buyout, Sega implemented a corporate spin-off with Index, and re-branding the video game assets of the company as Atlus, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega.^[62] Atlus is known for its Megami Tensei and Persona series of role-playing games.

For amusement arcades, Sega's most successful games continued to be based on network and card systems. Games of this type include Sangokushi Taisen and Border Break. Arcade machine sales incurred higher profits than their console, portable, and PC games on a year-to-year basis until 2010s.^[63]

In 2004, the GameWorks chain of arcades became owned by Sega, until the chain was sold off in 2011. In 2009, Sega Republic, an indoor theme park in Dubai, opened to the public. In 2010, Sega began providing the 3D imaging for Hatsune Miku's holographic concerts.^[64] In 2013, in co-operation with BBC Earth, Sega opened the first interactive nature simulation museum, Orbi Yokohama in Yokohama, Japan.^[65]

Company reshuffling and digital market focus (since 2013)

Club Sega game center in Akihabara, Tokyo

GiGO, a large 6 floor Sega game center on Chuo Dori, in front of the LAOX Aso-Bit-City in Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan

Due to the decline of packaged game sales both domestically and outside Japan in the 2010s,^[66] Sega began layoffs and reduction of their Western businesses, such as Sega shutting down five offices based in Europe and Australia on July 1, 2012.^[67] This was done in order to focus on the digital game market, such as PC and mobile devices.^[68][69] The amount of SKU gradually shrunk from 84 in 2005 to 32 in 2014. Because of the shrinking arcade business in Japan,^[70] development personnel would also be relocated to the digital game area.^[71] Sega gradually reduced its arcade centers from 450 facilities in 2005,^[72] to around 200 in 2015.^[73]

In the mobile market, Sega released its first app on the iTunes Store with a version of Super Monkey Ball in 2008. Since then, the strategies for Asian and Western markets have become independent. The Western line-up consisted of emulations of games and pay-to-play apps, which were eventually overshadowed by more social and free-to-play games, eventually leading to 19 of the older mobile games being pulled due to quality concerns in May 2015.^[74][75] Beginning in 2012, Sega also began acquiring studios for mobile development, with studios such as Hardlight, Three Rings Design, and Demiurge Studios becoming fully owned subsidiaries.

In the 2010s, Sega established operational firms for each of their businesses, in order to streamline operations. In 2012, Sega established Sega Networks for its mobile games; and although separate at first, it merged with Sega Corporation in 2015. Sega Games is structured as a "Consumer Online Company" , while Sega Networks focuses on developing games for mobile devices.^[76] In 2012, Sega Entertainment was established for Sega's amusement facility business, and in 2015, Sega Interactive was established for the arcade game business.^[77] These new divisions would replace the former Sega Corporation, and the new Sega Holdings would consolidate all entertainment companies from the Sega Sammy Group, which became effective April 1, 2015.^[78]

April 2015 also saw Haruki Satomi, son of Hajime Satomi, take office as President and CEO of Sega Games Co, Ltd.^[79][80] In January 2015, Sega of America announced their relocation from San Francisco to Atlus USA's Irvine, California headquarters, which was completed later that year.^[81] Due to this corporal adjustment, Sega of America did not have their own booth at E3 2015.^[82]

In September 2016 at the Tokyo Game Show, Sega announced that they acquired the intellectual property and development rights to all the games developed and published by Technosoft from Kazue Matsuoka.^[83][84] Factors that influenced the acquisition included the former Technosoft president stating that they did not want the Technosoft brand to desist, and so handing over the intellectual properties to Sega was the only other option. Sega and Technosoft also had an established collaboration during the Genesis/Mega Drive era and so this pre-established relationship was also a factor when acquiring the brand rights to Technosoft games.^[85] Technosoft were best known for the Thunder Force franchise.

In April 2017, Sega Sammy Holdings announced a relocation of head office functions of the Sega Sammy Group and its major domestic subsidiaries located in the Tokyo metropolitan area to Shinagawa-ku by January 2018. Their stated reasoning was to promote cooperation among companies and creation of more active interaction of personnel, while pursuing efficient group management by consolidating scattered head office functions of the group. The companies planning to relocate to the head office are Sega Sammy Holdings, Sammy Corporation, Sega Holdings, Sega Games, Atlus, Sammy Network, and Dartslive.^[86]

In October 2017, Sega of America announced its own online store, known as the Sega Shop.^[87]

Other products and services

Animation

On August 4, 1992, Tokyo Movie Kyokuichi (the re-branded Tokyo Movie Shinsha) formed a capital and business alliance with Sega Enterprises. Notable collaborations between the two included Astal, Sonic Jam and Burning Rangers. In 1995, Tokyo Movie Kyokuichi merged with the Tokyo Movie Shinsha animation production company, and in 2000, the company was re-branded as TMS Entertainment.^[88]

On October 17, 2005, Sega Sammy Holdings announced that they acquired half majority stake in TMS Entertainment and subsidized the studio under Sega Sammy Holdings.^[89] On December 22, 2010, Sega Sammy Holdings acquired the remaining outstanding shares of TMS Entertainment, thus making TMS Entertainment a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings.^[90] In 2012, the head office of TMS Entertainment was relocated to Nakano, Tokyo,^[91]

On April 27, 2015, TMS Entertainment was reorganized into Sega Holdings as part of its entertainment and contents division.^[88] In April 2017, Marza Animation Planet, Sega's re-branded CG production division was restructured into TMS Entertainment from Sega Holdings.^[92]

Motion pictures

In 2003, Sega had plans of broadening its franchises to Hollywood co-operating with John Woo,^[93] but plans fell through.^[94] In 2015, Sega and the Japanese advertising agency Hakuhodo, formed a joint venture called Stories LLC with the purpose of creating branded entertainment for film and TV. Stories LLC has exclusive licensing rights to adapt Sega properties into film and television.^[95][96] Properties in production include Shinobi with Marc Platt, Golden Axe, Virtua Fighter, The House of the Dead, and Crazy Taxi.^[97][98]

Seal of Quality

The Sega Seal of Quality was an icon placed on the packaging of all video games that had Sega's official approval to be played on a Sega console system. Similarly to the Nintendo Seal of Quality, the intention was to avoid the mistakes that led to the video game crash of 1983 by ensuring games were compatible with the intended console system and to censor content felt inappropriate. The seal appeared on a video game's box and marketing as a means of informing the consumer that Sega had previewed the game before its release and had met a certain level of quality standard (including graphics, sound, challenge, and content appropriateness).

Sega never required a third-party software developer to earn the official seal as a precondition for publication, although most developers chose to do so. Furthermore, a game could earn the seal even if it contained certain themes that its bigger competitor, Nintendo, would have prohibited: blood, scantily clad females, and graphic violence. Video games released on a Sega home console system could still censored by the software developer for other taboo or controversial depiction, including profanity, nudity, prostitution, and homosexuality.

In 1993, Sega of America permitted Acclaim to keep the graphic violence and gore in its port of Midway's popular arcade game Mortal Kombat. As this game and other games sparked a national controversy over violent content in video games, Sega created the Videogame Rating Council to give a descriptive rating to every game sold on a Sega home console system in the United States. This rating, along with the seal, would appear on the game's box and marketing. The Videogame Rating Council was phased out in 1994 with the adoption of the industry wide Entertainment Software Rating Board. Sega gradually shifted the scope of their Seal of Quality to focus less on content and more on compatibility. The seal was phased out after the discontinuation of the Dreamcast in 2001.

Company executives

Sega of Japan

• 
  Hayao Nakayama: Co-founder, president (1984–1998)


• 
  Shoichiro Irimajiri: President (1998–2000)


• 
  Isao Okawa: President (2000–01)


• Hideki Sato: President (2001–2003)


• 
  Hisao Oguchi: President (2003–2008)


• Okitane Usui: President and COO (2008–2012)


• 
  Toshihiro Nagoshi: Director and CCO (2012–present)


• Naoya Tsurumi: President and COO (2012–present)


• Hideki Okamura: President and COO (2014–15); Chairman (2015–2017)


• Haruki Satomi: President and CEO (2015–2017); Chairman and CEO (2017–present)

Sega of America

• 
  David Rosen: Co-founder


• Bruce Lowry: President (1986–1988)^[99]


• Michael Katz: President (1989–1991)


• 
  Tom Kalinske: President (1991–1996)


• 
  Bernie Stolar: President (1996–1999)


• 
  Peter Moore: President (1999–2003)


• 
  Simon Jeffery: President (2003–2009)


• 
  Mike Hayes: President (2009–2012)


• John Cheng: President and COO (2012–2018)


• Ian Curran: President and COO (2018–present)^[100]

Sega Europe

• Robert Deith: Co-founder/chairman (1991–2001)


• Naoya Tsurumi: CEO (2005–2009)^[101][102]


• 
  Mike Hayes: President (2009–2012)


• Jürgen Post: President (2012–2017)


• Chris Bergstresser (2017–present)

See also

• List of Sega video game consoles


• List of Sega video game franchises


• Lists of Sega games


• Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.


• Sega development studios


• Sega Pinball


• Sega, S.A. SONIC

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sega.

• Official website