Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)

Brighton
Brighton
	; Former Borough constituency; for the House of Commons;
County	; 1832–1888: Sussex; 1888–1950: East Sussex;
Major settlements	; Brighton;
; 1832–1950;
Number of members	; Two
Replaced by	; Brighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion and Hove;
Created from	; Sussex;

Brighton was a parliamentary constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until it was divided into single-member seats from the United Kingdom general election, 1950. Covering the seaside towns of Brighton and Hove in East Sussex, it elected two Members of Parliament (MP) by the block vote system of election.

4 Elections
- 4.1 Elections in the 1940s
- 4.2 Elections in the 1930s
- 4.3 Elections in the 1920s
- 4.4 Elections in the 1910s
- 4.5 Elections in the 1900s
- 4.6 Elections in the 1890s
- 4.7 Elections in the 1880s
- 4.8 Elections in the 1870s
- 4.9 Elections in the 1860s
- 4.10 Elections in the 1850s
- 4.11 Elections in the 1840s
- 4.12 Elections in the 1830s

5 See also

6 Further reading

7 References

History[edit]

The constituency was created by the Reform Act 1832 for the 1832–33 general election. The constituency was based on the south coast seaside resort town of Brighton.

When it was proposed to enfranchise Brighton a Tory observed in Parliament that it would represent merely "toffy (sic), lemonade and jelly shops". Charles Seymour suggests he "obviously feared the Whig proclivities of the numerous tradespeople established there".^[1]

The first representatives of the constituency were of radical opinions. Isaac Newton Wigney (MP 1832–1839 and 1841–1842) was described as being of "Whig opinions inclining to radicalism, in favour of the ballot, and pledged himself to resign his seat whenever his constituents called upon him so to do". His colleague, the Nonconformist preacher and attorney George Faithfull (MP 1832–1835), went much further. He advocated "the immediate abolition of slavery, of all unmerited pensions and sinecures, the standing army, all useless expense, the Corn Laws, and every other monopoly. He said that if the extent of suffrage at that time was not found efficient he would vote for universal suffrage: and if triennial Parliaments did not succeed, would vote for having them annually; he was an advocate of the ballot".
^[2]

Seymour provides figures for the voting qualification of Brighton electors, following the Reform Act 1867. The town was one of six boroughs in England where the £10 occupiers, enfranchised in 1832, were much more numerous than the householders who received the vote under the 1867 Act. There were 7,590 £10 occupiers and only 944 householders on the electoral register.^[1]

Members of Parliament for the constituency, after the first two, were of more conventional views; but most elections were won by the Liberal Party until 1884. In 1884 the Liberal MP, William Marriott, broke with his party as he disagreed with Prime Minister Gladstone's foreign and Egyptian policy. Marriott resigned his seat and was re-elected as a Conservative. From that time onwards the Liberal Party never won an election in the constituency, except for a by-election in 1905 and both seats in the landslide victory of 1906. Apart from those few years of liberal strength, Brighton became a safe Conservative constituency.

The 1931 election of Sir Cooper Rawson holds the record for the largest majority ever received at a general election (62,253), as well as the most votes received by an individual (75,205).^[3]

Boundaries[edit]

The constituency was defined in the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 as comprising the "respective Parishes of Brighthelmstone and Hove".^[4] The act named the parliamentary borough as "Brighthelmstone", but the name "Brighton" was invariably used.^[5]

The two parishes were adjacent coastal resorts in the historic county of Sussex in South East England. Brighton obtained a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough in 1854, while Hove formed a local board of health in 1858, becoming a borough forty years later. These changes in local government made no changes to the boundaries of the constituency.^[6] Under the Representation of the People Act 1867 the constituency was enlarged to include the Preston area which fell inside Brighton's municipal boundaries.^[6]

These boundaries were used until the 1918 general election when seats were redefined in terms of the local government areas then in existence. The parliamentary borough was defined as consisting of the County Borough of Brighton and the Municipal Borough of Hove. The constituency was enlarged to include Aldrington which lay with Hove's borough boundaries.^[6]

Under the Representation of the People Act 1948 the remaining multi-member constituencies were abolished and replaced with single-member ones from the 1950 election. The County Borough of Brighton was divided into Brighton Kemptown and Brighton Pavilion. The Municipal Borough of Hove, which had also been included in the old Brighton seat was combined with Portslade by Sea Urban District to form the new Hove constituency.^[6]

Members of Parliament[edit]

Election	1st Member		1st Party		2nd Party
1832		Isaac Wigney	Radical^[7]^[8]^[9]	George Faithfull	Radical^[7]
1835		Isaac Wigney	Radical^[7]^[8]^[9]	George Pechell (from 1849 Sir George Brook-Pechell, Bt)	Whig^[10]^[8]^[11]^[7]
1837		Sir Adolphus Dalrymple	Conservative^[7]
1841		Isaac Wigney	Radical^[7]^[8]^[9]
1842		Lord Alfred Hervey	Conservative^[7]
1857		William Coningham	Radical^[8]^[12]^[13]
1860		William Coningham	Liberal	James White	Liberal
1864		Henry Moor	Conservative
1865		Henry Fawcett	Liberal
1874		James Lloyd Ashbury	Conservative	Charles Cameron Shute	Conservative
1880		John Robert Hollond	Liberal	Rt Hon. Sir William Thackeray Marriott ¹	Liberal
1884		John Robert Hollond	Liberal		Conservative
1885		David Smith	Conservative
1886		Sir William Tindal Robertson	Conservative
1889		Gerald Loder	Conservative
1893		Gerald Loder	Conservative	Bruce Vernon-Wentworth	Conservative
1905 (5 April 1905)		Ernest Villiers	Liberal	Bruce Vernon-Wentworth	Conservative
1906		Ernest Villiers	Liberal	Aurelian Ridsdale	Liberal
1910		Rt Hon. George Tryon	Conservative	Hon. Walter Rice	Conservative
1911				John Gordon	Conservative
1914				Charles Thomas-Stanford	Conservative
1918			Coalition Conservative	Charles Thomas-Stanford	Coalition Conservative
1922			Conservative	Cooper Rawson	Conservative
1940		Lord Erskine ²	Conservative
1941		Anthony Marlowe	Conservative
1944		Anthony Marlowe	Conservative	William Teeling	Conservative
1950	constituency divided – see Brighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion and Hove

Notes:-

¹ Marriott resigned his seat as a Liberal MP in February 1884, because of dissatisfaction with the foreign and Egyptian policy of the Liberal government. He was re-elected in March 1884 as a Conservative candidate.

² Lord Erskine was a courtesy title. He was the heir apparent of The 12th Earl of Mar and 14th Earl of Kellie, but as he died before his father he never inherited the hereditary titles of his family.

Elections[edit]

Elections in the 1940s[edit]

United Kingdom general election, 1945: Brighton^[14]^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Teeling	49,339	30.8	−7.4
	Conservative	Anthony Marlowe	49,026	30.6	−7.4
	Labour	Joseph Taylor Huddart^[16]	31,074	19.4	+7.3
	Labour	GH Barnard	30,844	19.2	+7.5
Turnout				64.3	+2.6
Majority			17,952	11.2	−14.7
Registered electors			124,714
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Brighton by-election, 1944^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Teeling	14,594	53.6	−22.6
	National Independent	Bruce Dutton Briant	12,635	46.4	N/A
Turnout			27,229	22.1	−39.6
Majority			1,959	7.2	−18.7
Registered electors			123,310
	Conservative hold

Brighton by-election, 1941^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Anthony Marlowe	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Brighton by-election, 1940^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Erskine	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1930s[edit]

General Election 1935^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	George Tryon	60,913	38.2	−4.5
	Conservative	Cooper Rawson	60,724	38.0	−4.6
	Labour	Alban Godwin Gordon	19,287	12.1	+4.8
	Labour	Lewis Cohen	18,743	11.7	+4.4
Turnout				61.7	−6.6
Majority			41,437	25.9	−9.3
Registered electors			129,356
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General Election 1931^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Cooper Rawson	75,205	42.7	+13.6
	Conservative	George Tryon	74,993	42.6	+13.6
	Labour	Lewis Cohen	12,952	7.4	−4.8
	Labour Co-op	Rosalind Moore^[17]	12,878	7.3	−4.4
Turnout				68.3	+3.2
Majority			62,041	35.2	+18.4
Registered electors			128,779
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1920s[edit]

Cyril Dallow

General Election 1929^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Cooper Rawson	46,515	29.1	−13.2
	Unionist	George Tryon	46,287	29.0	−13.5
	Labour	Laurence S Cheshire^[18]	19,494	12.2	−3.0
	Labour	William McLaine	18,770	11.7	N/A
	Liberal	Cyril Berkeley Dallow	14,770	9.3	N/A
	Liberal	John Brudenell-Bruce	13,816	8.7	N/A
Turnout				65.1	+9.9
Majority			26,793	16.8	−10.3
Registered electors			122,641
	Unionist hold
	Unionist hold

General Election 1924^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	George Tryon	39,387	42.5	+15.7
	Unionist	Cooper Rawson	39,253	42.3	+15.8
	Labour	Alban Godwin Gordon	14,072	15.2	+6.7
Turnout				55.2	−13.0
Majority			25,181	27.1	+16.1
Registered electors			83,980
	Unionist hold
	Unionist hold

General Election 1923^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	George Tryon	30,137	26.8	−5.2
	Unionist	Cooper Rawson	29,759	26.5	−3.5
	Liberal	Walter Runciman	17,462	15.5	−9.2
	Liberal	Henry Lunn	16,567	14.7	N/A
	Labour	Alban Godwin Gordon	9,545	8.5	N/A
	Labour	Herbert Carden	9,040	8.0	N/A
Turnout				68.2	+12.8
Majority			12,297	11.0	+5.7
Registered electors			82,475
	Unionist hold
	Unionist hold

CB Fry

General Election 1922^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	George Tryon	28,549	32.0	−7.7
	Unionist	Cooper Rawson	26,844	30.0	−9.2
	Liberal	C. B. Fry	22,059	24.7	N/A
	Independent Unionist	Harry Wheater^[19]	11,913	13.3	N/A
Turnout				55.4	+5.1
Majority			4,785	5.3	−23.1
Registered electors			80,674
	Unionist hold
	Unionist hold

Elections in the 1910s[edit]

General Election 1918^[15]^{[note 1]}^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
C	Unionist	George Tryon	32,958	39.7	+8.9
C	Unionist	Charles Thomas-Stanford	32,561	39.2	+8.4
	Labour	Thomas Lewis	8,971	10.8	N/A
	Labour	George William Alfred Canter	8,514	10.3	N/A
Turnout				50.3	−31.6
Majority			23,590	28.4	+16.8
Registered electors			82,449
	Unionist hold
	Unionist hold
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

By-election 1914^[21]^{[note 2]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Charles Thomas-Stanford	Unopposed
	Unionist hold

By-election 1911^[21]^{[note 3]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Gordon	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General Election, December 1910^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	George Tryon	10,780	30.8	+0.4
	Conservative	Walter Rice	10,757	30.8	+0.5
	Liberal	Alfred Morris^[22]	6,723	19.2	−0.5
	Liberal	Morres Nickalls^[23]	6,699	19.2	−0.4
Turnout				81.9	−7.4
Majority			4,034	11.6	+1.0
Registered electors			21,427
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General Election, January 1910^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	George Tryon	11,625	30.4	+6.6
	Conservative	Walter Rice	11,567	30.3	+6.5
	Liberal	George Evatt^[24]	7,506	19.7	−6.7
	Liberal	Morres Nickalls^[25]	7,472	19.6	−6.4
Turnout				89.3	+6.8
Majority			4,061	10.6	N/A
Registered electors			21,427
	Conservative gain from Liberal
	Conservative gain from Liberal

Elections in the 1900s[edit]

Ridsdale

General Election 1906^[21]^{[note 4]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Ernest Villiers	9,062	26.4	N/A
	Liberal	Aurelian Ridsdale	8,919	26.0	N/A
	Conservative	George Tryon	8,188	23.8	−17.1
	Conservative	John Gordon	8,176	23.8	−10.8
Turnout				82.5	+20.3
Majority			731	2.2	N/A
Registered electors			20,976
	Liberal gain from Conservative
	Liberal gain from Conservative

Villiers

Brighton by-election, 1905^[21]^{[note 5]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Ernest Villiers	8,209	52.6	N/A
	Conservative	Gerald Loder	7,392	47.4	−28.1
Turnout			15,601	76.3	+14.1
Majority			817	5.2	N/A
Registered electors			20,439
	Liberal gain from Conservative

General Election 1900^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Gerald Loder	7,858	40.9	+2.4
	Conservative	Bruce Vernon-Wentworth	6,626	34.6	−2.0
	Independent Protestant	John Kensit	4,693	24.5	N/A
Turnout				62.2	−12.2
Majority			1,933	10.1	−1.6
Registered electors			18,634
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s[edit]

General Election 1895^[21]^{[note 6]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Gerald Loder	7,878	38.5	+0.2
	Conservative	Bruce Vernon-Wentworth	7,490	36.6	+1.6
	Liberal	Joseph Ewart^[7]	5,082	24.9	−1.8
Turnout				74.4	−1.8
Majority			2,408	11.7	+3.4
Registered electors			17,083
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

By-election, 14 December 1893^[21]^{[note 7]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Bruce Vernon-Wentworth	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General Election 1892^[21]^{[note 8]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Gerald Loder	7,807	38.3	−2.9
	Conservative	William Thackeray Marriott	7,134	35.0	−5.6
	Liberal	Frederick William Maude	5,448	26.7	+8.5
Turnout				76.2	+18.4
Majority			1,686	8.3	−14.1
Registered electors			16,883
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1880s[edit]

By-election, 25 October 1889^[21]^{[note 9]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Gerald Loder	7,132	60.7	−21.1
	Liberal	Robert Peel	4,625	39.3	+21.1
Majority			2,507	21.4	−1.0
Turnout			11,757	76.8	+19.0
Registered electors			15,307
	Conservative hold		Swing	−21.1

By-election, 29 November 1886^[21]^{[note 10]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Tindal Robertson	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

By-election, 11 August 1886^[21]^{[note 11]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Thackeray Marriott	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General Election 1886^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	David Smith	5,963	41.2	+11.7
	Conservative	William Thackeray Marriott	5,875	40.6	+11.1
	Liberal	William Hall^[26]	2,633	18.2	−22.8
Turnout			8,577	57.8	−23.2
Majority			3,242	22.4	+13.5
Registered electors			14,848
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General Election 1885^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Thackeray Marriott	7,047	29.5	+4.8
	Conservative	David Smith	7,019	29.5	+5.2
	Liberal	John Webb Probyn	4,899	20.6	−4.9
	Liberal	John Robert Hollond	4,865	20.4	−5.2
Majority			2,120	8.9	N/A
Turnout			12,021	81.0	+3.8 (est)
Registered electors			14,848
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+4.9
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+5.2

By-election, 10 Jul 1885: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Thackeray Marriott	Unopposed
	Conservative gain from Liberal

Caused by Marriott's appointment as Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces.

By-election, 3 Mar 1884: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	William Thackeray Marriott	5,478	57.7	+8.7
	Liberal	Robert Romer	4,021	42.3	−8.8
Majority			1,457	0.9	N/A
Turnout			9,499	71.2	−6.0 (est)
Registered electors			13,340
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+8.8

Caused by Marriott's decision to seek re-election as a Conservative.

General Election 1880: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	John Robert Hollond	4,913	25.6	+3.1
	Liberal	William Thackeray Marriott	4,904	25.5	+4.4
	Conservative	James Lloyd Ashbury	4,739	24.7	−4.8
	Conservative	Edward Field^[28]	4,664	24.3	−2.6
Majority			165	0.9	N/A
Turnout			9,610 (est)	77.2 (est)	+4.5
Registered electors			12,454
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+4.0
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+3.5

Elections in the 1870s[edit]

General Election 1874: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	James Lloyd Ashbury	4,393	29.5	+3.0
	Conservative	Charles Cameron Shute	3,995	26.9	+15.7
	Liberal	James White	3,351	22.5	−7.9
	Liberal	Henry Fawcett	3,130	21.1	−6.9
Majority			644	4.3	N/A
Turnout			7,435 (est)	72.7 (est)	+9.2
Registered electors			10,228
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+5.5
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+11.3

Elections in the 1860s[edit]

General Election 1868: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	James White	3,342	30.4	−8.6
	Liberal	Henry Fawcett	3,081	28.0	−5.9
	Conservative	James Lloyd Ashbury	2,917	26.5	+12.9
	Conservative	Henry Moor	1,232	11.2	−2.4
	Liberal	William Coningham	432	3.9	N/A
Majority			164	1.5	−5.3
Turnout			5,502 (est)	63.5 (est)	−20.1
Registered electors			10,228
	Liberal hold		Swing	−10.8
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.8

General Election 1865: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	James White	3,065	39.0	−1.3
	Liberal	Henry Fawcett	2,665	33.9	−2.7
	Conservative	Henry Moor	2,134	27.1	+4.0
Majority			531	6.8	−6.7
Turnout			4,999 (est)	83.6 (est)	+0.8
Registered electors			5,978
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.7
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.4

By-election, 16 Feb 1864: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Henry Moor	1,663	39.3	+16.2
	Liberal	Henry Fawcett	1,468	34.7	N/A
	Liberal	Julian Goldsmid	775	18.3	N/A
	Liberal	Francis Kuper Dumas^[29]	246	5.8	N/A
	Independent	Edward Harper^[30]	82	1.9	N/A
Majority			195	4.6	N/A
Turnout			4,234	77.9	−4.9
Registered electors			5,434
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

Caused by Coningham's resignation.

By-election, 16 Jul 1860: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	James White	1,588	47.0	N/A
	Conservative	Henry Moor	1,242	36.8	+13.7
	Liberal	Frederick Goldsmid^[31]	548	16.2	N/A
Majority			346	10.2	−3.3
Turnout			3,378	70.6	−12.2
Registered electors			4,786
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Caused by Pechell's death.

Elections in the 1850s[edit]

General Election 1859: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	George Brooke-Pechell	2,322	40.3	−3.0
	Liberal	William Coningham	2,106	36.6	+0.5
	Conservative	Allan MacNab	1,327	23.1	+2.6
Majority			779	13.5	−2.1
Turnout			3,541 (est)	82.8 (est)	+2.3
Registered electors			4,277
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.2
	Liberal hold		Swing	−0.4

General Election 1857: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Whig	George Brooke-Pechell	2,278	43.3	+1.9
	Radical	William Coningham	1,900	36.1	+8.3
	Conservative	Alfred Hervey	1,080	20.5	−10.3
Turnout			3,169 (est)	80.5 (est)	−2.2
Registered electors			3,936
Majority			378	7.2	−3.4
	Whig hold		Swing	+3.5
Majority			820	15.6	N/A
	Radical gain from Conservative		Swing	+6.7

By-election, 4 January 1853: Brighton^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Alfred Hervey	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General Election 1852: Brighton^[27]^[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	George Brooke-Pechell	1,924	41.4
	Conservative	Alfred Hervey	1,431	30.8
	Radical	John Salusbury-Trelawny^[33]^[34]	1,173	25.2
	Radical	John Ffooks^[35]^[36]	119	2.6
Turnout			3,039 (est)	82.7 (est)
Registered electors			3,675
Majority			493	10.6
	Whig hold		Swing
Majority			258	5.6
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1840s[edit]

General Election, 30 July 1847: Brighton (2 seats)^[37]
	Candidate	Votes	%	±
Whig	George Pechell	1,571	46.3	+6.1
Conservative	Alfred Hervey	1,239	36.5	-29.6
Whig	William Coningham	586	17.3	N/A

Brighton by-election, 6 May 1842^[38]
	Candidate	Votes	%	±
Conservative	Alfred Hervey	1,277	66.1	+41.8
Radical	Summers Harford	640	33.1	N/A
Chartist	Charles Brooker	16	0.8	+0.3
Independent	Nicholson	0	0.0	N/A

Wigney declared bankrupt forcing byelection

General Election, 1 July 1841: Brighton (2 seats)^[39]
	Candidate	Votes	%	±
Whig	George Pechell	1,446	40.5	-8.4
Whig	Isaac Wigney	1,260	35.3	+13.6
Conservative	Adolphus Dalrymple	868	24.3	+2.0
Chartist	Charles Brooker	17	0.5	N/A

Elections in the 1830s[edit]

General Election, 26 July 1837: Brighton (2 seats)^[40]
	Candidate	Votes	%	±
Whig	George Pechell	1,814	48.9	+9.4
Conservative	Adolphus Dalrymple	826	22.3	+2.5
Whig	Isaac Wigney	806	21.7	+0.2
Radical	George Faithfull	266	7.2	-11.9

General Election, 8 & 9 January 1835: Brighton (2 seats)^[41]
	Candidate	Votes	%	±
Whig	George Pechell	959	39.5	+7.6
Radical	Isaac Wigney	523	21.5	-8.2
Tory	Adolphus Dalrymple	482	19.8	+11.4
Radical	George Faithfull	465	19.1	-6.8

General Election, 12 December 1832: Brighton (2 seats)^[42]
	Candidate	Votes	%	±
Radical	Isaac Wigney	826	29.7	N/A
Radical	George Faithfull	720	25.9	N/A
Whig	George Pechell	609	21.9	N/A
Tory	William Crawford	391	14.0	N/A
Tory	Adolphus Dalrymple	232	8.4	N/A

References[edit]

^ ^a^b Seymour, Charles (1915). Electoral reform in England and Wales: the development and operation of the parliamentary franchise, 1832–1885. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 69–70.

^ Michael Stenton, ed. (1981). Who's who of British members of Parliament. A biographical dictionary of the House of Commons based on annual volumes of Dod's Parliamentary companion and other sources (4 volumes). Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-00613-4.

^ Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher, ed. (2000). British Electoral Facts 1832–1999. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 1-84014-053-4.

^ Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 c.64 Sch O

^ "No. 19231". The London Gazette. 20 January 1835. p. 102.

^ ^a^b^c^d Youngs, Frederic A. Jr. (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. pp. 693, 767. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g "UK Parliamentary Elections 1832–1895". Brighton History. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

^ ^a^b^c^d Hawkins, Angus (2015). "The Dynamics of Voting". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 184, 190. ISBN 9780198728481. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

^ ^a^b Elms, Kate. "Brighton's first MPs". Brighton Museums. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

^ J. K. Laughton, ‘Pechell, Sir George Richard Brooke, fourth baronet (1789–1860)’, rev. Andrew Lambert, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 13 Oct 2010

^ Burke, Edmund (1842). The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year, Volume 83. Longmans, Green. p. 66. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

^ Wells, Roger (April 1991). "Southern Chartism". Rural History. 2 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0956793300002612. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

^ Gardeners Chronicle & New Horticulturist, Volume 7. Haymarket Publishing. 1847. p. 186. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

^ UK General Election results July 1945

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k Craig, F.W.S., ed. (1969). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications. pp. 103–4. ISBN 0-900178-01-9.

^ "Broadside against admirals enlivened the Labour Party Conference yesterday". Daily Herald. 8 Jun 1949. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "Women Candidates". Western Morning News. 14 Oct 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "Lewes and Brighton". Sussex Agricultural Express. 24 May 1929. p. 12. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "Wills and Estate". The Scotsman. 28 Jul 1927. p. 7. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1922

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781349022984.

^ "Another Wet Sunday". Brighton Gazette. 30 Nov 1910. p. 4. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "Mr. M. Nickalls". London Daily News. 5 Dec 1910. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "A memorable by-election". Brighton Gazette. 15 Dec 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "Mr Morres Nickalls". London Daily News. 4 Jan 1910. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "Liberal Meeting at Brighton". Brighton Gazette. 29 Jun 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.

^ "To the electors of the Borough of Brighton". Brighton Gazette. 3 Apr 1880. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

^ "The Brighton Election". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 21 February 1864. p. 5. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

^ "Brighton Guardian". Brighton Guardian. 3 February 1864. p. 1. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

^ "Brighton Election". Brighton Gazette. 12 July 1860. p. 4. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

^ "Brighton". Sussex Advertiser. 13 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 246. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

^ Hoppen, K. Theodore (2016). Governing Hibernia: British Politicians and Ireland 1800-1921. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780191075643. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

^ "Brighton". Morning Post. 8 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

^ "The Approaching Elections". Staffordshire Advertiser. 3 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

^ "The General Election". The Times. 31 July 1847. p. 3.

^ "Brighton Election. Close of Poll". The Times. 7 May 1842. p. 6.

^ "The General Election. Elections Decided". The Times. 2 July 1841. p. 3.

^ "The Elections". Morning Post. 27 July 1837. p. 3.

^ "Brighton, Jan 9. Second and Last Day". The Times. 10 January 1835. p. 2.

^ "General Election. Members Returned". The Times. 13 December 1832. p. 4.

Notes

^ Results compared to the 1910 general election, not the later by-elections

^ Held due to Gordon's resignation

^ Held due to Rice's elevation to the House of Lords

^ Compared to the 1900 general election, not the 1905 by-election

^ Held due to Loder's appointment as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury

^ Results compared to the 1892 general election, not the later by-election

^ Held due to Marriott's resignation

^ Results compared to the 1886 general election, not the later by-elections

^ Held due to Robertson's death

^ Held due to Smith's death

^ Held due to Marriott's appointment as Judge-Advocate-General

[seymour-1] Seymour, Charles (1915). Electoral reform in England and Wales: the development and operation of the parliamentary franchise, 1832–1885. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 69–70.

[stenton-2] Michael Stenton, ed. (1981). Who's who of British members of Parliament. A biographical dictionary of the House of Commons based on annual volumes of Dod's Parliamentary companion and other sources (4 volumes). Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-00613-4.

[rallings-3] Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher, ed. (2000). British Electoral Facts 1832–1999. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 1-84014-053-4.

[4] Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 c.64 Sch O

[5] "No. 19231". The London Gazette. 20 January 1835. p. 102.

[youngs-6] Youngs, Frederic A. Jr. (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. pp. 693, 767. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.

[brightonhistory-7] "UK Parliamentary Elections 1832–1895". Brighton History. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[hawkins-8] Hawkins, Angus (2015). "The Dynamics of Voting". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 184, 190. ISBN 9780198728481. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[wigney-9] Elms, Kate. "Brighton's first MPs". Brighton Museums. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

[dnb-10] J. K. Laughton, ‘Pechell, Sir George Richard Brooke, fourth baronet (1789–1860)’, rev. Andrew Lambert, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 13 Oct 2010

[11] Burke, Edmund (1842). The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year, Volume 83. Longmans, Green. p. 66. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[12] Wells, Roger (April 1991). "Southern Chartism". Rural History. 2 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0956793300002612. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[13] Gardeners Chronicle & New Horticulturist, Volume 7. Haymarket Publishing. 1847. p. 186. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[14] UK General Election results July 1945

[craig1918-1949-15] ⁱ^j^k Craig, F.W.S., ed. (1969). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications. pp. 103–4. ISBN 0-900178-01-9.

[16] "Broadside against admirals enlivened the Labour Party Conference yesterday". Daily Herald. 8 Jun 1949. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[17] "Women Candidates". Western Morning News. 14 Oct 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[18] "Lewes and Brighton". Sussex Agricultural Express. 24 May 1929. p. 12. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[19] "Wills and Estate". The Scotsman. 28 Jul 1927. p. 7. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[21] Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1922

[ReferenceA-22] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781349022984.

[25] "Another Wet Sunday". Brighton Gazette. 30 Nov 1910. p. 4. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[26] "Mr. M. Nickalls". London Daily News. 5 Dec 1910. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[27] "A memorable by-election". Brighton Gazette. 15 Dec 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[28] "Mr Morres Nickalls". London Daily News. 4 Jan 1910. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[37] "Liberal Meeting at Brighton". Brighton Gazette. 29 Jun 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[craig1832-38] ⁱ^j^k^l Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.

[39] "To the electors of the Borough of Brighton". Brighton Gazette. 3 Apr 1880. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[40] "The Brighton Election". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 21 February 1864. p. 5. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

[41] "Brighton Guardian". Brighton Guardian. 3 February 1864. p. 1. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

[42] "Brighton Election". Brighton Gazette. 12 July 1860. p. 4. Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

[43] "Brighton". Sussex Advertiser. 13 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

[44] Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 246. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[45] Hoppen, K. Theodore (2016). Governing Hibernia: British Politicians and Ireland 1800-1921. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780191075643. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

[46] "Brighton". Morning Post. 8 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

[47] "The Approaching Elections". Staffordshire Advertiser. 3 July 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 19 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

[48] "The General Election". The Times. 31 July 1847. p. 3.

[49] "Brighton Election. Close of Poll". The Times. 7 May 1842. p. 6.

[50] "The General Election. Elections Decided". The Times. 2 July 1841. p. 3.

[51] "The Elections". Morning Post. 27 July 1837. p. 3.

[52] "Brighton, Jan 9. Second and Last Day". The Times. 10 January 1835. p. 2.

[53] "General Election. Members Returned". The Times. 13 December 1832. p. 4.

[20] Results compared to the 1910 general election, not the later by-elections

[23] Held due to Gordon's resignation

[24] Held due to Rice's elevation to the House of Lords

[29] Compared to the 1900 general election, not the 1905 by-election

[30] Held due to Loder's appointment as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury

[31] Results compared to the 1892 general election, not the later by-election

[32] Held due to Marriott's resignation

[33] Results compared to the 1886 general election, not the later by-elections

[34] Held due to Robertson's death

[35] Held due to Smith's death

[36] Held due to Marriott's appointment as Judge-Advocate-General

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