What is the correct JSON content type?

I've been messing around with JSON for some time, just pushing it out as text and it hasn't hurt anybody (that I know of), but I'd like to start doing things properly.

I have seen so many purported "standards" for the JSON content type:

application/json
application/x-javascript
text/javascript
text/x-javascript
text/x-json


But which is correct, or best? I gather that there are security and browser support issues varying between them.

I know there's a similar question, What MIME type if JSON is being returned by a REST API?, but I'd like a slightly more targeted answer.

35 Answers
35

For JSON text:

application/json

application/json

The MIME media type for JSON text is application/json. The default encoding is UTF-8. (Source: RFC 4627).

application/json

For JSONP (runnable javascript) with callback:

application/javascript

application/javascript

Here are some blog posts that were mentioned in the comments that are relevant.

text/html

application/json

IANA has registered the official MIME Type for JSON as application/json.

application/json

When asked about why not text/json, Crockford seems to have said JSON is not really JavaScript nor text and also IANA was more likely to hand out application/* than text/*.

text/json

application/*

text/*

More resources:

text/*

application/*

application/json

text

text/xml/xhtml

.jpg

cat file.jpg

For JSON:

Content-Type: application/json


For JSON-P:

Content-Type: application/javascript


Of course, the correct MIME media type for JSON is application/json, but it's necessary to realize what type of data is expected in your application.

application/json

For example, I use Ext GWT and the server response must go as text/html but contains JSON data.

Client side, Ext GWT form listener

uploadForm.getForm().addListener(new FormListenerAdapter()

@Override
public void onActionFailed(Form form, int httpStatus, String responseText)

MessageBox.alert("Error");


@Override
public void onActionComplete(Form form, int httpStatus, String responseText)

MessageBox.alert("Success");

);


In case of using application/json response type, the browser suggests me to save the file.

Server side source code snippet using Spring MVC

return new AbstractUrlBasedView()

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(Map model, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception

response.setContentType("text/html");
response.getWriter().write(json);

;


Response is dynamically generated data, according to the query parameters passed in the URL.

Example:

"Name": "Foo", "Id": 1234, "Rank": 7


Content-Type: application/json

application/json

JSON with padding.
Response is JSON data, with a function call wrapped around it.

Example:

functionCall("Name": "Foo", "Id": 1234, "Rank": 7);


Content-Type: application/javascript

application/javascript

If you are using Ubuntu or Debian and you serve .json files through Apache, you might want to serve the files with the correct content type. I am doing this primarily because I want to use the Firefox extension JSONView

The Apache module mod_mime will help to do this easily. However, with Ubuntu you need to edit the file /etc/mime.types and add the line

application/json json


Then restart Apache:

sudo service apache2 restart


If you're calling ASP.NET Web Services from the client-side you have to use application/json for it to work. I believe this is the same for the jQuery and Ext frameworks.

application/json

content-Type: text/plain

content-Type: application/json

content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8

contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"

The right content type for JSON is application/json UNLESS you're using JSONP, also known as JSON with Padding, which is actually JavaScript and so the right content type would be application/javascript.

application/json

application/javascript

There is no doubt that application/json is the best MIME type for a JSON response.

application/json

But I had some experience where I had to use application/x-javascript because of some compression issues. My hosting environment is shared hosting with GoDaddy. They do not allow me to change server configurations. I had added the following code to my web.config file for compressing responses.

application/x-javascript

web.config

<httpCompression>
<scheme name="gzip" dll="%Windir%system32inetsrvgzip.dll"/>
<dynamicTypes>
<add mimeType="text/*" enabled="true"/>
<add mimeType="message/*" enabled="true"/>
<add mimeType="application/javascript" enabled="true"/>
<add mimeType="*/*" enabled="false"/>
</dynamicTypes>
<staticTypes>
<add mimeType="text/*" enabled="true"/>
<add mimeType="message/*" enabled="true"/>
<add mimeType="application/javascript" enabled="true"/>
<add mimeType="*/*" enabled="false"/>
</staticTypes>
</httpCompression>
<urlCompression doStaticCompression="true" doDynamicCompression="true"/>


By using this, the .aspx pages was compressed with g-zip but JSON responses were not. I added

<add mimeType="application/json" enabled="true"/>


in the static and dynamic types sections. But this does not compress JSON responses at all.

After that I removed this newly added type and added

<add mimeType="application/x-javascript" enabled="true"/>


in both the static and dynamic types sections, and changed the response type in

.ashx (asynchronous handler) to

application/x-javascript


And now I found that my JSON responses were compressed with g-zip. So I personally recommend to use

application/x-javascript


only if you want to compress your JSON responses on a shared hosting environment. Because in shared hosting, they do not allow you to change IIS configurations.

application/json

Only when using application/json as the MIME type I have the following (as of November 2011 with the most recent versions of Chrome, Firefox with Firebug):

application/json

Not everything works for content type application/json.

application/json

If you are using Ext JS form submit to upload file, be aware that the server response is parsed by the browser to create the document for the <iframe>.

<iframe>

If the server is using JSON to send the return object, then the Content-Type header must be set to text/html in order to tell the browser to insert the text unchanged into the document body.

Content-Type

text/html

See the Ext JS 3.4.0 API documentation.

application/json

iframe

load

application/javascript

application/x-javascript

text/javascript

text/plain

application/json

text/html

JSON is a domain-specific language (DSL) and a data format independent of JavaScript, and as such has its own MIME type, application/json. Respect for MIME types is of course client driven, so text/plain may do for transfer of bytes, but then you would be pushing up interpretation to the vendor application domain unnecessarily - application/json. Would you transfer XML via text/plain?

application/json

text/plain

application/json

text/plain

But honestly, your choice of MIME type is advice to the client as to how to interpret the data- text/plain or text/HTML (when it's not HTML) is like type erasure- it's as uninformative as making all your objects of type Object in a typed language.

text/plain

text/HTML

No browser runtime I know of will take a JSON document and automatically make it available to the runtime as a JavaScript accessible object without intervention, but if you are working with a crippled client, that's an entirely different matter. But that's not the whole story- RESTful JSON services often don't have JavaScript runtimes, but it doesn't stop them using JSON as a viable data interchange format. If clients are that crippled... then I would consider perhaps HTML injection via an Ajax templating service instead.

Application/JSON!

If you're in a client-side environment, investigating about the cross-browser support is mandatory for a well supported web application.

The right HTTP Content-Type would be application/json, as others already highlighted too, but some clients do not handle it very well, that's why jQuery recommends the default text/html.

application/json

text/html

The correct answer is:

Content-Type: application/json


As many others have mentioned, application/json is the correct answer.

application/json

But what haven't been explained yet is what the other options you proposed mean.

application/x-javascript: Experimental MIME type for JavaScript before application/javascript was made standard.

application/x-javascript

application/javascript

text/javascript: Now obsolete. You should use application/javascript when using javascript.

text/javascript

application/javascript

text/x-javascript: Experimental MIME type for the above situation.

text/x-javascript

text/x-json: Experimental MIME type for JSON before application/json got officially registered.

text/x-json

application/json

All in all, whenever you have any doubts about content types, you should check this link

text/javascript

<script type="text/javascript" ...

type="text/javascript"

<script>...</script>

In JSP, you can use this in page directive:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="application/json; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>


The correct MIME media type for JSON is application/json. JSP will use it for sending a response to the client.

application/json

“application/json” is the correct JSON content type.

application/json

def ajaxFindSystems =
def result = Systems.list()
render(contentType:'application/json')
results
result.eachsys->
system(id:sys.id, name:sys.name)


resultset (rows:result.size())




The IANA registration for application/json says

application/json

Applications that use this media type: JSON has been used to
exchange data between applications written in all of these
programming languages: ActionScript, C, C#, Clojure, ColdFusion,
Common Lisp, E, Erlang, Go, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Objective CAML,
Perl, PHP, Python, Rebol, Ruby, Scala, and Scheme.

You'll notice that IANA.org doesn't list any of these other media types, in fact even application/javascript is now obsolete. So application/json is really the only possible correct answer.

application/javascript

application/json

Browser support is another thing.

The most widely supported non-standard media types are text/json or text/javascript. But some big names even use text/plain.

text/json

text/javascript

text/plain

Even more strange is the Content-Type header sent by Flickr, who returns JSON as text/xml. Google uses text/javascript for some of it's ajax apis.

text/xml

text/javascript

Examples:

curl -I "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/video?v=1.0&q=jsonexample"


Output: Content-Type: text/javascript

Content-Type: text/javascript

curl -I "https://www.flickr.com/services/rest/?method=flickr.test.echo&format=json&api_key=f82254c1491d894f1204d8408f645a93"


Output: Content-Type: text/xml

Content-Type: text/xml

The right MIME type is application/json

application/json

BUT

I experienced many situations where the browser type or the framework user needed:

text/html

application/javascript


I use the below

contentType: 'application/json',
data: JSON.stringify(SendData),


The Content-Type header should be set to 'application/json' when posting. Server listening for the request should include "Accept=application/json".
In Spring MVC you can do it like this:

@RequestMapping(value="location", method = RequestMethod.POST, headers = "Accept=application/json")


Add headers to the response:

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Type", "application/json");


In Spring you have a defined type: MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE which is equivalent to application/json.

MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE

The application/json works great in PHP to store an array or object
data.

application/json

I use this code to put data in JSON on Google Cloud Storage (GCS) which is set publically viewable:

$context = stream_context_create([
'gs' => [
'acl'=>'public-read',
'Content-Type' => 'application/json',
]
]);

file_put_contents(
"gs://BUCKETNAME/FILENAME.json",
json_encode((object) $array),
false,
$context
);


To get back the data is straight forward:

$data = json_decode(file_get_contents("gs://BUCKETNAME/FILENAME.json"));


If the JSON is with padding then it will be application/jsonp. If the JSON is without padding then it will be application/json.

application/jsonp

application/json

To deal with both, it is a good practice to use: 'application/javascript' without bothering whether it is with padding or without padding.

For JSON, I am using:

Content-Type: application/json


This is described in the IETF's JSON Data Interchange Format 7158 proposal, Section 1.2: Specifications of JSON.

PHP developers use this:

<?php
header("Content-type: application/json");

// Do something here...
?>


Extending the accepted responses, when you are using JSON in a REST context...

There is a strong argument about using application/x-resource+json and application/x-collection+json when you are representing REST resources and collections.

application/x-resource+json

application/x-collection+json

And if you decide to follow the jsonapi specification, you should use of application/vnd.api+json, as it is documented.

application/vnd.api+json

Altough there is not an universal standard, it is clear that the added semantic to the resources being transfered justify a more explicit Content-Type than just application/json.

application/json

Following this reasoning, other contexts could justify a more specific Content-Type.

application/vnd.api+json

If you get data from REST API in JSON so you have to use content-type

For JSON data: Content-Type:application/json
For HTML data: Content-Type:text/html,
For XHTML data: Content-Type:application/xhtml+xml,
For XML data: Content-Type:text/xml, application/xml


JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and JSONP ("JSON with padding") formats seems to be very similar and therefor it might be very confusing which MIME type they should be using. Even though the formats seems to be very similar, there are some subtle differences between them.

So whenever in any doubts, I have very simple approach (which works perfectly find in most cases), namely, go and check corresponding RFC document.

JSON
RFC 4627 (The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)) is a specifications of JSON format. It says in section 6, that the MIME media type for JSON text is

application/json.


JSONP
JSONP ("JSON with padding") is handled different way than JSON, in a browser. JSONP is treated as a regular JavaScript script and therefor it should use application/javascript, the current official MIME type for JavaScript. In many cases, however, text/javascript MIME type will work fine too.

application/javascript,

text/javascript

Note that text/javascript has been marked as obsolete by RFC 4329 (Scripting Media Types) document and it is recommended to use application/javascript type instead. However, due to legacy reasons, text/javascript is still widely used and it has cross-browser support (which is not always a case with application/javascript MIME type, especially with older browsers).

text/javascript

application/javascript

text/javascript

application/javascript

Content-type: application/json - json

Content-Type: application/javascript - json-P

Content-type: application/x-javascript - javascript

Content-type: text/javascript - javascript BUT obsolete, older IE versions used to use as html attribute.

Content-type: text/x-javascript - JavaScript Media Types BUT obsolete

Content-type: text/x-json - json before application/json got officially registered.

Content-type: application/json

Content-Type: application/javascript

Content-type: application/x-javascript

Content-type: text/javascript

Content-type: text/x-javascript

Content-type: text/x-json

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